![]() ![]() These synthetic base oils are made through a process called synthesizing. Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAOs). Like Group II base oils, these oils are also becoming more prevalent. This longer process is designed to achieve a purer base oil.Īlthough made from crude oil, Group III base oils are sometimes described as synthesized hydrocarbons. These oils are refined even more than Group II base oils and generally are severely hydrocracked (higher pressure and heat). Group III base oils are greater than 90 percent saturates, less than 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index above 120. Still, Group II base oils are becoming very common on the market today and are priced very close to Group I oils. They also have a clearer color and cost more in comparison to Group I base oils. Group II base oils have better antioxidation properties. Since all the hydrocarbon molecules of these oils are saturated, ![]() They are often manufactured by hydrocracking, which is a more complex process than what is used for Group I base oils. Group II base oils are defined as being more than 90 percent saturates, less than 0.03 percent sulfur and with a viscosity index of 80 to 120. This is why they are the cheapest base oils on the market. Group I base oils are solvent-refined, which is a simpler refining process. The temperature range for these oils is from 32 to 150 degrees F. Group I base oils are classified as less than 90 percent saturates, greater than 0.03 percent sulfur and with a viscosity-index range of 80 to 120. Before all the additives are added to the mixture, lubricating oils begin as one or more of these five API groups. Group V is for all other base oils not included in Groups I through IV. Group IV base oils are full synthetic (polyalphaolefin) oils. The first three groups are refined from petroleum crude oil. The base oil category defines what the oil is made of, how it is manufactured, and how the lubricant handles certain environments such as extreme heat.The American Petroleum Institute (API) has categorized base oils into five categories (API 1509, Appendix E). Almost every lubricant used in plants today started off as just a base oil. ![]()
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